![]() ![]() Although some hand files are now available in a nickel–titanium alloy, which is more resistant to wear than ordinary steel, the increased cost and inability to pre-curve has not led to their widespread use. However, the conventional 2% taper instruments are essential for the initial exploration of most root canals, for difficult procedures such as bypassing separated instruments, and for the apical preparation of some difficult canals.Ĭonventional 'standardized' instruments are made of steel, which may wear quickly in dentine, and small size files may be regarded as disposable. These instruments have been widely adopted, and appear to give consistently better results in root canal treatment. These are described individually later and in Part 7. Recent changes in both metallurgy and endodontic concepts have led to the introduction of a range of new instruments which do not conform to these specifications. All these instruments have a standard 2% taper over their working length. Colour coding originally denoted the size, but now represents a sequence of sizes. For most standardized instruments the number refers to its diameter at the tip in one-hundredths of a millimetre a number 10, for example, means that it has a tip diameter of 0.10 mm. The specifications recommended are complex and differ according to the type of instrument. These root canal preparation instruments have been manufactured to a size and type advised by the International Standards Organisation (ISO). Paper points are also required, and the simplest method of storage and use is to purchase presterilized packs with five points in each pack.įor many years the standard cutting instruments have been the reamer, K-type file and Hedstroem file. A clean-stand or other device such as the endo-ring is required to hold the endodontic instruments. ![]() Other items usually included are a flat plastic, sterile cotton wool rolls, sterile cotton wool pledgets, artery forceps to grip a periapical radiograph and a metal ruler, or other measuring device that may be sterilized. ![]() A furcation probe is useful to check for the presence of furcation involvement. The pocket-measuring probe is useful, a routine CPITN probe with clearly visible gradations is ideal. The excavator is long shanked, with a small blade to allow access into the pulp chamber. A DG16 endodontic probe is required to detect canal orifices. Endolocking tweezers allow small items to be gripped safely and passed between nurse and operator. A front surface reflecting mouth mirror is preferable to prevent the double image of the fine detail in an access cavity that occurs with a conventional mirror. A basic pack of instruments must be available specifically for routine root canal procedures. ![]()
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